Scientists now have a fairly good understanding of how the plates move and how such movements relate to earthquake activity. How does the movement of tectonic plates cause earthquakes. Earthquakes occur at the following three kinds of plate boundary. The number of tectonic plates on earth described in the literature has expanded greatly. Aug 15, 2010 the devastation wrought by earthquakes and volcanoes often obscures the fact that these destructive forces are also some of the most creative on the planet, birthing planets and other landforms. Plate tectonics shape and shake british columbia earthquakes. Earthquakes often occur where tectonic plates come together at a convergent boundary, where tectonic plates move apart at a divergent boundary, and where tectonic plates grind past each other, called a transform boundary. Plate tectonics is a book of exercises and background information that introduces and demonstrates the basics of the subject.
By looking at each you can see a positive correlation between all three. The earths plates jostle about in fits and starts that are punctuated with earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Not at a plate margin few earthquakes, rare volcanism examples center of continental u. Plate tectonics earthquakes very fun and interactive. Map of major tectonic plates and select great earthquakes. Partner content american museum of natural history earthquakes and volcanoes plate tectonics. The earths crust is divided into plates which are moved in various directions. Earthquakes and plate tectonics geosciences libretexts. Earthquakes and tectonic plates lesson plan template and teaching resources.
The distribution of earthquakes in the area of the indiaeurasia plate boundary is shown in figure \\pageindex4\. Earthquakes and volcanoes often happen where the pieces meet. North america plate motion circuit and tectonics of the gloria fault. You will recall from a previous chapter that there are three. These plates move relative to one another above a hotter, deeper, more mobile zone at average rates as great as a few inches per year. The worlds largest earthquakes occur in subduction zones, like the march 2011 magnitude 9. These huge pieces of earths surface slowly move at about the speed that your fingernails grow. Since the development of the theory, geologists have had to reexamine almost every aspect of. Earthquakes the kansas geological survey the university of. Key plate tectonics terminology earthquakes and volcanoes. Plate tectonics is the theory supported by a wide range of evidence that considers the earths crust and upper mantle to be composed of several large, thin, relatively rigid plates that move relative to one another. Its surface is composed of many individual plates that move and interact, constantly changing and reshaping earths outer layer. Use acrobat reader to view this pdf with active inks.
The theory of plate tectonics describes how the plates move, interact, and change the physical landscape. I prepared for todays lesson by projecting and tracing the following document plate tectonics template on a large bulletin board paper. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics plate tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the earth move and deform. Plate motions range up to a typical 1040 mma midatlantic ridge. Try to place some named examples as accurately as you can. A pdf guide to plate tectonics and earthquakes is also available. The presentday number of tectonic plates springerlink. Plate tectonics and earthquakes earth, space science, plate.
Tectonic plates reading material grades 68 printable. What is happening to make them a little taller every year. Earth systems unitlayers of earth tectonic plates faults, folds, mountains, volcanoes, earthquakesthis only covers the first two sections 6. At plate boundaries, plates collide, move apart, move under or over each other, or slide past one another. There are a few handfuls of major plates and dozens of smaller, or minor, plates. When the frictional strain is overcome, the ground suddenly snaps along faults and fractures releasing energy as earthquakes. This is a continentcontinent convergent boundary, and it is generally assumed that although the india plate continues to move north toward the asia plate. Earthquakesplate tectonics wikibooks, open books for an. Plate tectonics summary the earth is made up of 3 main layers core, mantle, crust on the surface of the earth are tectonic plates that slowly move around the globe plates are made of crust and upper mantle lithosphere there are 2 types of plate there are 3 types of plate boundaries volcanoes and earthquakes are closely. Plate tectonics describes the distribution and motion of the plates. I copied the maps onto transparencies and created a lab where students ultimately overlaid the transparencies to compare and contrast the locations of earthquakes, volcanoes, and plate boundaries. Chase cg 1972 the n plate problem of plate tectonics.
The 2 plates crumple into one another and fold upwards into fold mountains. Plate tectonics is the surface manifestation of mantle convection, but the large contrast in viscosities between the lithosphere and the deeper mantle leads to departures from a simple boiling pot analogy. Finding plates by plotting quakes this activity is one of several in a basic curriculum designed to increase student knowledge about earthquake science and preparedness. The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. With detailed diagrams outlining the structure of continental and oceanic crust and the distribution of major plate motion, this book introduces. Use acrobat guide to plate tectonics and earthquakes reader. These three fold out books require no scissors or cutting and can be used in an interactive notebook or as a stand alone activity. Contains four of my popular graphic organizers to work with a tectonics unit. Aug 18, 2014 far underneath the ground we walk on, the earth is covered with tectonic plates. Seven focalmechanism solutions are obtained for earthquakes in the kashmir, tibet and nepal regions of the himalaya from pwave firstmotion directions. Class presentation on plate tectonics and earthquakes. How are the tectonic plates related to earthquakes and volcanoes. What is an earthquake and what causes them to happen. Plate tectonics how earthquakes work howstuffworks.
Rather than memorizing where they are, lets collect some data. Thus, we can predict the general regions on the earths surface where we can expect large earthquakes in the future. How do tectonic plates cause earthquakes and volcanoes. The theory of plate tectonics links earths internal processes to the distribution of continents and oceans. Earthquake epicenter introduction history nothing can strike fear in the hearts of people quite like a natural disaster. Plates are composed of the crust and a part of the upper mantle, these two parts together are called the lithosphere.
Free download re s o u r c e s fe at u r e d in t h e plate te c t o nci po w e r poni t. Point of interest can you see the southern alps on the map. Here are a few nice usgs maps that might be useful. Mar 21, 2020 plate tectonics, theory dealing with the dynamics of earths outer shell that revolutionized earth sciences by providing a uniform context for understanding mountainbuilding processes, volcanoes, and earthquakes as well as the evolution of earths surface and reconstructing its past continents and oceans. Download plate tectonics volcanoes and earthquakes pdf ebookplate tectonics volcanoes and earthquakes plate tectonics. Earthquakes and plate tectonics flashcards quizlet. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and plate tectonics explain how the locations of volcanoes and earthquake epicenters are related to tectonic plate boundaries. Plate tectonics is the reason earthquakes in, say, wisconsin are not as felt or as damaging as an earthquake in, say, californiabecause wisconsin is at the center of a plate, and california is at the convulsion of two plates. Graymer summary and introduction on april 18, 1906, the san francisco bay region was rocked by one of the most significant earthquakes in history. However, this is a cover page and i want you to be creative and imaginative. Seismicity at the divergent plate boundaries or spreading submarine ridges and rises tends to be a shallow. Here, the indoaustralian plate is colliding with the eurasian plate and has done so for millions of years. The theory has caused a revolution in the way we think about the earth. The outermost layer of the earth is called the crust and it is broken into large pieces called tectonic plates.
This led to the development of the theory of plate tectonics and we now take these ideas for granted. In a lively and lucid manner, it brings together a great deal of material in spherical trigonometry that is necessary to understand plate tectonics and the research literature written about it. Plates move at a rate of a few centimeters a year, about the same rate fingernails grow. Before this, geology had been a descriptive science. Ive started a video playing thats recording earthquakes and eruptions since 1960. Most earthquake clusters consist of small tremors that cause little to no damage, but there is a theory that earthquakes can recur in a regular pattern. An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. The structure of the earth, plate tectonics and landforms. Movement of the plates over earths surface is termed plate tectonics. I also organized a few teacher notes on plate tectonics to help guide class discussions today. Be able to describe the general distribution of fold mountains, volcanoes and earthquakes be able to explain how the distribution of fold mountains, volcanoes and earthquakes is related to movements at plate boundaries. In this interactive activity produced for teachers domain with images from nasa, see the relationship between.
Introduction to plate tectonics and earthquakes lesson plans. Youll learn why earthquakes happen, how theyve shaped the bay area, and what you can do to prepare for the next one. A single plate can be made of all oceanic lithosphere or all continental lithosphere, but nearly all plates are made of a combination of both. Earthquake mechanism and plate tectonics in the himalayan region. The map is an attractive display of plate tectonic features such earthquake epicenters, the locations of volcanoes. We know that each year about 140 earthquakes of magnitude 6. The key principle of plate tectonics is that the lithosphere exists as separate and distinct tectonic plates, which ride on the. Along divergent boundaries like the midatlantic ridge and the. The plates are mobile, moving in constant, slow motion measured in rates of centimeters per year. Notes on plate tectonics plate tectonics states that the earths crust and upper mantle are broken into sections, called plates. Large plate puzzle pdf cut a large world map into puzzle pieces along plate boundaries. It is a measure of the distance a fault moved and the force required to move it. As two adjacent plates move across the asthenosphere, they either collide, slide past another, or separate. How do earthquakes and volcanoes line up with tectonic boundaries.
Plate tectonics interactive notebook volcanoes, earthquakes. Hands on science plate tectonics unit for elementary see more. Slip on faults that define the plate boundaries commonly results in earthquakes. While any of these three faults can produce extensive damage on land, the reverse fault is the source of most tsunamis. A 100point test to determine your understanding of plate tectonics and earthquakes. Active tectonics of the adriatic region from gps and earthquake slip. The activities can be done at any time in the weeks leading up to the shakeout drill. Plate tectonics reveals that the lithosphere is divided into eight major pieces plates with several smaller plates fig. Pdf plate tectonics and great earthquakes download full. Investigating the patterns produced by volcanoes and earthquakes. Six of the majors are named for the continents embedded within them, such. Tectonic plates, volcanoes and earthquakes science learning hub.
Using the tectonic outline map, create a cover page with drawing of volcanoes and hazards. According to the generally accepted plate tectonics theory, scientists believe that earths surface is broken into a number of shifting slabs or plates, which average about 50 miles in thickness. One reason for the difference in earthquake distribution in continental rift zones is that the rifts are only beginning to form. Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of earth structures or tectonic features. Gcse geography tectonic plates, volcanoes and earthquakes. The guide contains links to totle introduction to plate tectonics and earthquakes teaching resources and a table of contents of teaching resources on this topic. Volcanoes and earthquakes both result from the movement of tectonic plates. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earths crust and cause the shaking that we feel in california there are two plates the pacific plate and the. The strength of the earthquake depends on the amount of stress released. At the boundaries between these huge plates of rock and soil, the plates sometimes move apart, and magma, or molten rock, comes to the surface, where its called lava. This movement of crust and continents is called plate tectonics.
Pdf earthquake mechanism and plate tectonics in the. Regents questions here are regents questions for plate tectonics. This plate tectonics unit will get your kids involved in the learning, and asking great questions about how the world works. This guide is an outline of the plate tectonic and earthquake seismology powerpoint presentations. Have students plot several of the points on their maps as many as time allows. The layer below the lithosphere is the asthenosphere. This gives a map version of plate tectonics for the students to get as well. Jan 28, 2011 with the advent of plate tectonics, its become apparent that episodes of extreme geologic upheavallike earthquakesare much more than simply random events. Scientists now have a fairly good understanding of how the plates. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Plate tectonics completely overturned the orthodoxy that came before it, because not only did it explain a vast collection of new data the old theories couldnt explain, it was a much simpler explanation for the old observations as well. Earthquake summary posters for significant earthquakes.
This damage and the strength of the surface waves are reduced in earthquakes where the focus is deep underground. These features largely reflect the movements of earths major tectonic plates and many smaller plates or fragments of plates including microplates. Pdf to investigate the kinematics of the adriatic region, we integrate continuous and episodic gps measurements with mw 4. How seismic waves can be used to locate the origin epicenter of earthquakes. For your gcse, you are expected to know how this theory explains how the natural hazards of volcanoes and earthquakes occur as well as understanding how humans deal with them. Plate tectonics, theory dealing with the dynamics of earths outer shell that revolutionized earth sciences by providing a uniform context for understanding mountainbuilding processes, volcanoes, and earthquakes as well as the evolution of earths surface. We examine the closure of the current plate motion circuit between the african, north ameri. At these margins we get fold mountains two continental plates collide and earthquake activity, and a fantastic example of this is the himalayan mountains. Explain how heat within earth causes earths plates to move. To show where major earthquakes have been because of plate tectonics. Note that if desired, you can get the coordinates of actual recent earthquakes directly from the usgs website instead of using the worksheet. Understanding earthquakes brief history of seismology to 1910, earthquake and plate tectonic quizzes, earthquake accounts by famous people, elastic rebound animation, and links to addition resources. Plate tectonics and earthquakes plate tectonics earthquakes.
The awesome power unleashed by a hurricane, tornado, volcano, or earthquake can cause large losses in life and property. Learn more about the major tectonic plates and their motion. For details on the specific effects of plate tectonics, see the articles earthquake and volcano. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics. Plate tectonics and earthquakes test proprofs quiz. Most volcanoes and earthquakes are caused by the motion and interaction of earths plates. The theory of plate tectonics revolutionized geology in the 1960s. This supports the idea that plate movement causes earthquakes.
In 1967, mckenzie and parker suggested the theory of plate tectonics. Plate tectonics and earthquakes the flat earth society. Most earthquakes form part of a sequence, related to each other in terms of location and time. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. Earthquakes and plate tectonics earthquakes and plate tectonics. Earthquake locations if you look at a map of earthquakes, youll see that most occur in wellknown belts. Read and learn for free about the following article. Plate tectonics is the reason earthquakes happenwhen the plates move too fast, an earthquake happens. Mechanisms for largescale processes such as the formation of mountain ranges were put down to vague earth forces. The movement of tectonic plates causes earthquakes when two plates that are in contact with each other move in opposite directions and release builtup stress. Plate tectonics and earthquakes the distribution and properties of plates and the motions at different kinds of. Plate tectonics earthquakes volcanoes graphic organizer bundle. Adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia itp who have.
Plate tectonics information and facts national geographic. Where these plates come together earthquakes occur. This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other. Nplate is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in. It is relatively easy to see the relationships between earthquakes and the plate boundaries. These plates sometimes crash into each other, at other times they move away from each other. Fault plane solutions of earthquakes on the nazca plate boundaries. Our earth is a dynamic planet, as clearly illustrated on the main map by its topography, over 1,500 volcanoes, 44,000 earthquakes, and 170 impact craters. Plate tectonics volcanoes and earthquakes pdf free download. Each activity can be used in classrooms, museums, and other educational settings. The plate tectonics gizmo shows a crosssection, or side view, of earth. Mantle convection and plate tectonics khan academy. It was soon realized, from earthquake distribution, that plate boundaries in oceans are generally very sharp and well defined in contrast to. You can find all the large earthquakes from the past seven days here and the smaller earthquakes here.
Plate tectonics it was from the continental drift theory, convection current theory and the theory of seafloor spreading, the theory of plate tectonics was formulated. The scale by which earthquakes are rated is called the moment magnitude scale m w. Mantle convection and plate tectonics if youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. The theory of plate tectonics grew out of earlier hypotheses and observations collected during exploration of the rocks of the ocean floor. Thirteen new and fourteen published earthquake fault plane solutions are used to examine the. Plate tectonics interactive notebook fold out books looking for some easy to use interactive notebook templates for volcanoes, earthquakes and plate boundaries. Earthquake mechanism and plate tectonics in the himalayan region article pdf available in tectonophysics 2112.
Plate tectonics and earthquakes free download as powerpoint presentation. The study of how these plates move and interact and the consequences thereof is called plate tectonics from the greek word, tekton, which means. Friction between the plates keeps them from sliding. In this activity, students will demonstrate the differences between types of seismic waves and learn how to interpret seismic data using triangulation. Answer all questions clearly and completely, and show your work for partial credit.
Tectonic plates or huge slabs of solid rocks separate, collide, and slide past each other causing earthquakes, feeding volcanic eruptions, and raising mountains. Learn what you can do to prepare for an earthquake before, during, and after. Tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanoes pbs learningmedia. Finding the epicenter the epicenter of an earthquake is determined by triangulation. According to the theory of plate tectonics, earth is an active planet. Every time an earthquake happens, a dot appears, and every time a volcano erupts, a triangle appears.
The theory, called plate tectonics, is that the earths crust, or lithosphere, comprises many plates that slide over a lubricating asthenosphere layer. Plate tectonics and earthquakes the distribution and properties of plates and the motions at different kinds of plate boundaries explain globalscale patterns of earthquakes and volcanoes. Midocean ridges and transform margins have shallow earthquakes usually less than 30 km deep, in narrow bands close to plate margins. Earthquakes free download as powerpoint presentation. Earths geography has changed through time and continues to change today. A few solutions that disagree with these inferred directions of plate motion corroborate the independent.
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